跳到主要内容

promethues+grafana实现监控和资源告警

1 安装前准备

1.1 主机环境

准备一台虚拟机

IP地址操作系统配置
10.0.0.104Rocky Linux 9.44核4G,100G磁盘

1.2 规划安装目录

将prometheus相关服务都安装在/data/目录下面,最好/data是一块单独的磁盘,易于扩容

mkdir -p /data/{prometheus,grafana,alertmanager,node_exporter}

1.3 下载安装包

下载地址:

版本信息:

  • Prometheus版本:2.53.4
  • grafana版本:11.5.3
  • alertmanager版本:0.28.1
  • exporter版本:1.9.0
  • # 进入/data目录
cd /data

# 下载prometheus
wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.53.4/prometheus-2.53.4.linux-amd64.tar.gz

# 下载grafana
wget https://dl.grafana.com/enterprise/release/grafana-enterprise-11.5.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz

# 下载altermanager
wget https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager/releases/download/v0.28.1/alertmanager-0.28.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz

# 下载node_exporter
wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.9.0/node_exporter-1.9.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

# alist下载
# 获取token
curl -X POST "https://cao.us.kg/api/auth/login" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{"username":"admin","password":""}'

# 获取文件下载链接
curl -X POST "https://cao.us.kg/api/fs/get" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer " \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{"path":"/天翼云盘/我的应用/prometheus_grafana.zip"}'

2 安装prometheus相关服务

2.1 安装Prometheus

解压安装包

[root@localhost ~]# cd /data
[root@localhost data]# tar -xvf prometheus-2.53.4.linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@localhost data]# mv prometheus-2.53.4.linux-amd64/* /data/prometheus

创建prometheus用户

useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin prometheus

授予prometheus目录权限

chown -R prometheus.prometheus /data/prometheus

给prometheus创建systemd服务

cat >> /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Prometheus Server
Documentation=https://prometheus.io/docs/introduction/overview
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus
Restart=on-failure
ExecStart=/data/prometheus/prometheus \
--config.file=/data/prometheus/prometheus.yml \
--storage.tsdb.path=/data/prometheus/data \
--storage.tsdb.retention.time=15d \
--web.enable-lifecycle

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

重载服务

systemctl daemon-reload

启动prometheus并设置开机自启动

systemctl enable --now prometheus.service

检查状态

systemctl status prometheus.service

访问prometheus

prometheushttp://10.0.0.104:9090无用户无密码
监控指标http://10.0.0.104:9090metrics

2.2 安装alertmanager

解压安装包

tar -xvf alertmanager-0.28.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz

解压的内容复制到/data/alertmanager目录

mv /data/alertmanager-0.28.1.linux-amd64/* /data/alertmanager

更改alertmanager权限

chown -R prometheus.prometheus /data/alertmanager

给alertmanager创建systemd服务

cat >> /etc/systemd/system/alertmanager.service << EOF
[Unit]
Desciption=Alert Manager
wants=network-online.target
After=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus
ExecStart=/data/alertmanager/alertmanager \
--config.file=/data/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml \
--storage.path=/data/alertmanager/data
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

启动alertmanager

# 重载服务
systemctl daemon-reload

# 启动并设置开机自启动
systemctl enable --now alertmanager.service

查看alertmanager状态

systemctl status alertmanager

将alertmanager加入prometheus。

vi /data/prometheus/prometheus.yml

# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
alertmanagers:
- static_configs:
- targets:
# 根据实际填写alertmanager的IP地址
- 10.0.0.104:9093

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
# 根据实际名修改文件名,可以有多个规则文件
- "/data/alertmanager/rule/alert.yml"

增加触发器配置文件

# 新建存放告警文件目录
mkdir /data/alertmanager/rule
chown -R prometheus.prometheus /data/alertmanager

# 编辑配置文件
vim /data/alertmanager/rule/alert.yml

groups:
- name: 主机状态监控
rules:
- alert: 主机宕机
expr: up == 0
for: 1m
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} 主机宕机,请尽快处理"
description: "{{ $labels.instance }} 已经宕机超过 1 分钟。请检查服务状态。"

检查配置

cd /data/prometheus/
[root@localhost prometheus]# ./promtool check config prometheus.yml
Checking prometheus.yml
SUCCESS: 1 rule files found
SUCCESS: prometheus.yml is valid prometheus config file syntax

Checking /data/alertmanager/rule/alert.yml
SUCCESS: 1 rules found

一定要检测通过再进行重启prometheus

重启prometheus

systemctl restart prometheus

访问alertmanager

http://10.0.0.104:9093

2.3 安装node_exporter

解压安装包

tar -xvf node_exporter-1.9.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

解压的内容复制到/data/node_exporter目录

mv node_exporter-1.9.0.linux-amd64/* /data/node_exporter

修改权限

chown prometheus.prometheus -R /data/node_exporter

给node_exporter创建systemd服务

cat >> /etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=node_exporter
Documentation=https://prometheus.io/
After=network.target

[Service]
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus
ExecStart=/data/node_exporter/node_exporter
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

启动node_exporter

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now node_exporter.service

查看状态

systemctl status node_exporter

访问地址:

http://10.0.0.104:9100/metrics

2.4 配置prometheus

vi /data/prometheus/prometheus.yml
# 在尾部添加一个job_name,可以添加多个targets
- job_name: "node_exporter"
static_configs:
- targets: ["10.0.0.104:9100"]
labels:
instance: 10.0.0.104服务器

重载prometheus

# 重启前检查配置是否正确
./promtool check config prometheus.yml

# 平滑加载
curl -X POST http://10.0.0.104:9090/-/reload

# 或者直接重启
systemctl restart prometheus

登录prometheus查看-node_exporter是否起来了

2.5 安装Grafana

解压安装包

tar -xvf grafana-enterprise-11.5.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz

将解压内容移动到/data/grafana

mv grafana-v11.5.3/* /data/grafana

更改grafana目录权限

chown -R prometheus.prometheus /data/grafana

给grafana创建systemd服务

cat >> /etc/systemd/system/grafana-server.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Grafana server
Documetation=http://dosc.grafana.org

[Service]
Type=simple
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus
Restart=on-failure
ExecStart=/data/grafana/bin/grafana-server --config=/data/grafana/conf/defaults.ini --homepath=/data/grafana

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

启动grafana

# 重载系统服务
systemctl daemon-reload

# 启动并设置开机自启动
systemctl enable --now grafana-server.service

查看状态

systemctl status grafana-server.service

访问grafana

http://10.0.0.104:3000

默认用户名/密码:admin/admin

2.6 grafana对接prometheus

从Grafana官网导入符合要求的仪表盘

https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards

在grafana右上角处点击Import dashboard,导入id号或json文件,在grafana官网可以直接获取。